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multicopy cytosolic ribosomal RNA gene cassette bb

The multicopy cytosolic ribosomal rna gene cassette bobbed, abbreviated as bb, is reported here. Protein features include protein data. 83 DNA entries are available. Its cell location is cytosolic large ribosomal subunit (sensu Eukaryota). Wild-type functions include the bb locus encodes the major (18S and 28S) ribosomal RNAs and is the nucleolus organizer (FBrf0017870). It is located at h26--h32 on the cytological map. There are 113 recorded alleles, 30 stocks are available, and 272 references are listed.



Symbol bb
Class of gene multicopy cytosolic ribosomal RNA gene cassette
Full name bobbed
Cytogenetic map h26--h32  
Left limit from inclusion within Dp(1;3)in61j2 (FBrf0020397)
Right limit from complementation mapping against In(1)sc4Lsc8R (FBrf0013319)
Notes on cytogenetic map Experimentally determined: 20F
Available reports
Abridged reportSee also  Full report  |   Recent updates
Alleles (113)  |   Expression & Phenotypes (7)  |   Map locations  |   Proteins & Transcripts (5)  |  
Constructs & Insertions (20)  |   Genetic Interactions (26)  |   Gene Ontology  |   Stocks (30)  |   Recent reviews (2)  |  
References (272)  |   Similar genes & Sequences (83)  |   Synonyms (16)  |   Attributed data (140)
Molecular map Molecular map
Synonyms  NO;    rDNA;    rRNA;    rDNA unit;    rDNA repeat;    flex;    ITS1;    clone 1.69;    ribosomal RNA;    Xbb;    anon-EST:Liang-1.69;    anon-EST:Posey92;    l(1)20Fa;    snRNA-a;    small nuclear RNA a;    female-specific lethal on X
GO:Cellular component cytosolic large ribosomal subunit (sensu Eukaryota)
cytosolic small ribosomal subunit (sensu Eukaryota)
Recent reviews  Mackay, 1996,    McKee, 1996
Nucl. sequences & translations AF083522;    AF191293;    AF191294;    AF191295;    AI124285;    AJ011702;    AJ011703;    AJ011704;    J01116;    J01117;    J01123;    J01124;    K00467;    K01281;    K01286;    K01287;    K01526;    K01527;    K01528;    K01529;    K01530;    K01531;    K01532;    K01533;    K01574;    K01575;    K01576;    K01577;    K01578;    K01579;    K01580;    K01581;    K01582;    K01583;    K01584;    K01585;    K01586;    K01587;    K03137;    K03138;    K03139;    K03140;    K03141;    M26817;    M30873;    S75831;    V00236;    X01493;    X01548;    X02210;    X02211;    X03501;    X03502;    X03503;    X03504;    X15707;    X51922;    X78946;    X97143;    Z31756;    dbSTS:4292;    Z31795;    dbSTS:4332;    Z31941;    dbSTS:4479;    Z32130;    dbSTS:4682;    Z32170;    dbSTS:4721;    Z32171;    dbSTS:4722;    Z32197;    dbSTS:4748;    Z32373;    dbSTS:4935;    Z32374;    dbSTS:4936;    Z50228;    dbSTS:24192;    Z50229;    dbSTS:24193;    Z70892;    dbSTS:33761

Stocks
0004045, 0003838, 0004050, 0001488, 0001993, 0001612, 0005952, 0005953, 0002503, 0002496, 0002562, 0003961, 0003957, 0001055, 0000698, 0003964, 0003753, 0004077, 0000711, 0000708, 0004046, 0004075, 0004330, 0001030, 0000062, 0000127, 0000737, 0000163, 1001760, 0201153 (of 30 total for bb )
FlyBase ID FBgn0000164
Secondary ID FBgn0003454, FBgn0010322, FBgn0014124, FBgn0014125, FBgn0025282
Date 24 Nov 05
Useful aneuploid aberrations Deficiency: Df(1)17-87;    Duplication: Dp(1;3)in61j2
Discoverer Sturtevant, Feb. 1920.

Allelism info.
       Many independent occurrences of bb have been recovered and designated without a superscript; consequently, alleles designated as bb are often unrelated. Given the propensity for bb alleles to change spontaneously and the ambiguities of labeling, it is unlikely than any particular bb stock contains the original bb1 allele (bb5 of Sturtevant). The same arguments apply to Ybb originally described by Bridges.


Wild-type function
       The bb locus encodes the major (18S and 28S) ribosomal RNAs and is the nucleolus organizer (FBrf0017870). In D.melanogaster there are two such loci, one, bb, in the heterochromatin of the X chromosome, the other, Ybb, on the YS chromosome arm. The rRNA encoding genes form large tandem arrays at both loci, and mutant phenotypes result from complete or partial loss of these. Ritossa, Atwood and Spiegelman (FBrf0017870) suggested the bb mutant phenotypes result from reduced protein synthesis.

Duplicated in Dp(1;3)BS3i
Comments on genetic locn. Genetic distance between bb and f calculated to be 9.3cM.
Transposable el. data R1-elements and R2-elements are rarely transferred between the; rRNA loci of the X and Y chromosomes (bb and Ybb respectively).; Retrotransposition of R1-elements occurs predominantly in the male; germline, while retrotransposition of R2-elements is more evenly; divided between the germlines of both sexes. The rate of elimination; of R1-elements and R2-elements from the Ybb array on the Y chromosome; is twice that of the rate of elimination from the bb array on the; X chromosome. Both the bb and Ybb loci contain recombinational; "hotspots" where R1-elements and R2-elements are lost at a rate; eight times faster than elements located outside of the hotspots.; Most R1-element and R2-element eliminations appear to occur by; large intrachromosomal events that involve multiple rDNA units.

Phenotypic info.
       Three phenotypes are associated with bb mutants: thinning and shortening of bristles, etching of the abdomen, and, in extreme cases, lethality. Of these phenotypes, bristle size and lethality are the most reliable. These phenotypes are somewhat variable from fly to fly and the bristle abnormality may be obscured by such mutations as f, sn and ty to name a few. bb-/0 males and bb-/In(1)sc4Lsc8R females have phenotypes similar to, but more extreme than, that of homozygous females. bb-/Y males are wild type, owing to presence of a normal allele of bb in YS (Ybb); bb-/bb-/Y females are similarly normal in phenotype. The rate of rRNA synthesis is reduced in bb (FBrf0021411; FBrf0027525; FBrf0027236).


Other information
       In laboratory stocks, bb mutants may arise spontaneously or inadvertently while selecting for mutagen-induced mutations at other loci. bb mutations may be induced at high frequency by carcinogenic hydrocarbons such as 7,12-dimethyl benzαanthracine (DMBA) (Fahmy and Fahmy, 1969; 1970) or multifunctional alkylating agents such as triethylenemelamine (Tartof). Mutations of the X chromosome bb locus may be specifically induced genetically in four different ways. First, alterations of the X chromosome bb locus may occur bb in males or females carrying the aberrant chromosome Ybb-. These are high frequency (10-2-10-1) events and may be observed as either stable reversions from bb to bb+ (magnification: Ritossa, 1968; Komma and Endow, 1986) or as mutations (10-3-10-2) from bb+ to bb or from bb to bbl (reduction: Tartof, 1973; Tartof, 1974; Locker and Prud'homme, 1973). It has been suggested that both magnification and reduction may be the result of unequal sister-chromatid exchanges occurring at the X chromosome bb locus in the germ line of X/Ybb- males (Tartof, 1974); evidence for this is from studies of ring-X bb chromosomes (Endow, Komma and Atwood, 1984); alternatively, a model of excision and reintegration of circular molecules rDNA has been proposed by Ritossa (1972). C(1)RM stocks carrying Ybb- accumulate modifiers that suppress the bb phenotype (Marcus, Zitron, Wright and Hawley, 1986). Second, in males carrying mei-41, bb+ mutates to bb at a frequency of 10-3 - 10-2 (Hawley and Tartof, 1983a). mei-41 does not induce reversions of bb to bb+ as does Ybb- nor does it induce bb mutations on the Y. Third, when males carrying certain XY chromosomes are mated to females heterozygous for Rex, free Y chromosomes carrying bb mutants are generated at high frequency (10-2; Robbins, 1981). Fourth, hybrid dysgenic crosses may also generate bb (Thompson and Woodruff, 1980). ... More text is available in full report.
Protein & Transcript 
SymbolKindLengthProtein Size
bb+R18STranscript----
bb+R28STranscript----
bb+R2STranscript----
bb+R5.8STranscript----
bb+R8.0Transcript----



Related transgene constructs and insertions 
TypeRelated transgene constructs (has expression data?)
characterization construct P{5'rib7.144} (NA),    P{5'rib7.201} (NA),    P{5'rib7.202} (NA),    P{5'rib7.210} (NA),    P{5'rib7.211} (NA),    P{5'rib7.K+} (NA),    P{rib10Δ3.1A-1} (NA),    P{rib10Δ3.1A-2} (NA),    P{rib10Δ3} (NA),    P{rib10} (NA),    P{rib12} (NA),    P{rib6ΔH} (NA),    P{rib7.42A} (NA),    P{rib7.49A} (NA),    P{rib7.7B} (NA),    P{rib7.HJ+B} (NA),    P{rib7.U+} (NA),    P{rib7} (NA)
TypeRelated insertions (has expression data?)
miscellaneous insertion P{rib10Δ3.1A-1}1A-1 (NA),    P{rib10Δ3.1A-2}1A-2 (NA)



Alleles        

Abbreviated table - Best-studied 30 of 113 alleles.    (see also Full table)
SymbolAllele classPhenotype includesMutagenStocksMolec. info.
l--lethalspontaneous3yes
t13.2--wild-typein vitro construct | genomic fragment--yes
G1--wild-typespontaneous----
1--(with bb20) visible--11--
D--visible | dominantX ray----
ds--(with In(1)bbDf) lethal | femalespontaneous--yes
G3--visible | recessivespontaneous1--
11--visible | recessivespontaneous----
G4--visible | recessivespontaneous----
G5--lethal | recessivespontaneous----
2--visible | recessive----yes
20--lethal | recessivespontaneous----
41--visible | recessivespontaneous----
28l--visible | recessivespontaneous----
G2--lethal | recessivespontaneous----
l2--lethal | recessivespontaneous----
Of--visible | recessiveX ray----
4--visible | recessive----yes
2m--wild-typemagnification--yes
2r--lethalreduction--yes
BG----spontaneous12--
flex-4loss of functionlethal | female | recessiveγ ray----
N--visible | recessivespontaneous1--
Of-2--visible | recessiveX ray----
P2--visible | recessiveethyl methanesulfonate----
second--visible | recessivespontaneous----
6--visible | recessive----yes
7--visible | recessive----yes
8--visible | recessive----yes
210----Δ2-3--yes



Summary of Allele Phenotypes 
Phenotype manifest inAllele
abdomen bbG5
abdominal segment, macrochaeta bb41c13
abdominal tergite bbsecond
abdominal tergite, macrochaeta bb11;    bb1;    bb20;    bb21;    bb22;    bb28l;    bb2;    bb3;    bb41;    bb4;    bb6;    bb7;    bb8;    bbfirst;    bbfourth;    bbG1;    bbG2;    bbG5;    bbl2;    bbl;    bbOf-2;    bbOf;    bbP2;    bbT6
abdominal tergite, macrochaeta, male genitalia bbD
egg chamber, ovary bbflex-2
macrochaeta bb41e19;    bbds;    bbG4
male genitalia bbamg
See individual allele reports for further phenotypic information.



 References (listed by author, ID, year)
Primary
  1. Appels and Hilliker, 1982
  2. Arajarvi and Hannah-Alava, 1969
  3. Arrigo et al., 1985
  4. Bashkirov et al., 1999
  5. Baskirov et al., 1999
  6. Belikov et al., 1990
  7. Belikov et al., 1993
  8. Belyaeva et al., 1998
  9. Benevolenskaya et al., 1994
  10. Bhattacharya et al., 1999
  11. Boore et al., 1995
  12. Borie et al., 1999
  13. Briscoe and Tomkiel, 2000
  14. Brun et al., 1993
  15. Burke et al., 1993
  16. Calleja et al., 1993
  17. Chan et al., 2001
  18. Chao and Pellegrini, 1993
  19. Chovnick et al., 1969
  20. Clark et al., 1991
  21. Cline, 2001
  22. Coen et al., 1982
  23. Cooper, 1959
  24. Dawid et al., 1978
  25. de Cicco and Glover, 1983
  26. de Groote et al., 1990
  27. Dernburg et al., 1996
  28. DeSalle and Grimaldi, 1992
  29. di Nocera et al., 1986
  30. Ding and Lipshitz, 1993
  31. Ding et al., 1994
  32. Dobzhansky, 1932
  33. Dover et al., 1993
  34. Durica and Krider, 1978
  35. Endow et al., 1984
  36. Endow, 1980
  37. Endow, 1982
  38. Fahmy and Fahmy, 1969
  39. Fahmy and Fahmy, 1970
  40. Fahmy and Fahmy, 1970
  41. Fahmy and Fahmy, 1971
  42. Field et al., 1988
  43. Frankham, 1990
  44. Gans et al., 1975
  45. George et al., 1996
  46. Gimeno et al., 1997
  47. Goldschmidt, 1944
  48. Goldschmidt, 1945
  49. Granadino et al., 1996
  50. Grimaldi et al., 1990
  51. Han et al., 1994
  52. Hannah-Alava, 1971
  53. Hawley and Tartof, 1983
  54. Hawley and Tartof, 1983
  55. Hawley et al., 1992
  56. Hayward and Glover, 1989
  57. Hilliker and Appels, 1982
  58. Jakubczak et al., 1990
  59. Jakubczak et al., 1992
  60. Jupe et al., 1993
  61. Kalumuck et al., 1990
  62. Karpen et al., 1988
  63. Kelley et al., 1995
  64. Kennison, 1981
  65. Kolesnikova et al., 2001
  66. Komma and Atwood, 1993
  67. Komma and Atwood, 1994
  68. Komma and Endow, 1986
  69. Komma and Radcliffe, 1969
  70. Komma et al., 1993
  71. Krivshenko, 1956
  72. Labella et al., 1983
  1. Lee, 1972
  2. Lefevre and Watkins, 1986
  3. Lefevre and Wilkins, 1966
  4. Lefevre, 1949
  5. Lefevre, 1968
  6. Lefevre, 1981
  7. Liang and Biggin, 1998
  8. Lifschytz and Falk, 1968
  9. Lilly and Spradling, 1996
  10. Linares et al., 1991
  11. Linares et al., 1994
  12. Lindsley et al., 1960
  13. Lindsley, 1955
  14. Locker, 1973
  15. Lohe and Roberts, 1990
  16. Lohe and Roberts, 2000
  17. Long and Dawid, 1979
  18. Long et al., 1981
  19. Long et al., 1981
  20. Long et al., 1995
  21. Long et al., 1996
  22. Losada et al., 1997
  23. Lozovskaya et al., 1993
  24. Lyckegaard and Clark, 1989
  25. Lyckegaard and Clark, 1991
  26. Mackay and Fry, 1996
  27. Maddern, 1981
  28. Madueno et al., 1995
  29. Makni et al., 1989
  30. Malik and Eickbush, 1999
  31. Mandal and Dawid, 1981
  32. Marcus et al., 1986
  33. Marilley and Pasero, 1996
  34. Markova et al., 1997
  35. Marshall et al., 1997
  36. McKee and Karpen, 1990
  37. McKee et al., 1992
  38. McKee et al., 1998
  39. McKee et al., 2000
  40. McPeek and Speed, 1995
  41. Mecheva and Semenov, 1991
  42. Merrill et al., 1992
  43. Mian and Dover, 1990
  44. Michot et al., 1990
  45. Mohan and Ritossa, 1970
  46. Mohan, 1975
  47. Mohr, 1923
  48. Morgan et al., 1926
  49. Morgan, 1938
  50. Morgan, 1947
  51. Mukha et al., 1999
  52. Muller, 1932
  53. Muller, 1946
  54. Munoz, 1992
  55. Murtif and Rae, 1985
  56. Neel, 1942
  57. Nurminsky et al., 1994
  58. O'Grady et al., 1998
  59. O'Hare et al., 2002
  60. Ofengand and Bakin, 1997
  61. Offermann, 1935
  62. Palumbo et al., 1984
  63. Paques et al., 1995
  64. Park and Yamamoto, 1995
  65. Patterson, 1932
  66. Paumard-Rigal and Rosenberg-Bourgin, 1992
  67. Paumard-Rigal and Rosenberg-Bourgin, 1993
  68. Pelandakis and Solignac, 1993
  69. Pelandakis et al., 1991
  70. Pellegrini et al., 1977
  71. Perez-Gonzalez et al., 2003
  72. Perrin et al., 1998
  1. Peunova et al., 1996
  2. Polanco et al., 1998
  3. Polanco et al., 2000
  4. Pontecorvo, 1942
  5. Procunier and Williamson, 1974
  6. Rae, 1981
  7. Rahman and Lindsley, 1980
  8. Rahman and Lindsley, 1981
  9. Rasooly and Robbins, 1991
  10. Rasooly and Robbins, 1991
  11. Ren et al., 1997
  12. Reuter et al., 1982
  13. Reuter et al., 1985
  14. Ritossa and Spiegelman, 1965
  15. Ritossa et al., 1966
  16. Ritossa, 1968
  17. Ritossa, 1968
  18. Ritossa, 1972
  19. Robbins and Pimpinelli, 1994
  20. Robbins, 1981
  21. Robbins, 1996
  22. Rodriguez-Trelles et al., 1999
  23. Roiha and Glover, 1981
  24. Roiha et al., 1981
  25. Rousset et al., 1991
  26. Saunders, 2003
  27. Schalet and Finnerty, 1968
  28. Schalet and Finnerty, 1968
  29. Schalet and Lefevre, 1973
  30. Schalet and Singer, 1971
  31. Schalet, 1968
  32. Schalet, 1986
  33. Schlotterer and Tautz, 1994
  34. Schlotterer et al., 1994
  35. Schlotterer, 1995
  36. Schultz, 1965
  37. Semionov and Markova, 1997
  38. Seydoux and Dunn, 1997
  39. Shermoen and Kiefer, 1975
  40. Simeone et al., 1982
  41. Simeone et al., 1985
  42. Spofford and DeSalle, 1991
  43. Stern and Ogura, 1931
  44. Stern, 1927
  45. Stern, 1929
  46. Stern, 1935
  47. Strausbaugh and Williams, 1996
  48. Swanson, 1987
  49. Tartof and Dawid, 1976
  50. Tartof and Hawley, 1992
  51. Tartof, 1973
  52. Tartof, 1974
  53. Tartof, 1974
  54. Tautz et al., 1987
  55. Tautz et al., 1988
  56. Terracol and Prud'homme, 1981
  57. Terracol et al., 1990
  58. Thompson and Woodruff, 1980
  59. Tolchkov et al., 2000
  60. Vallett et al., 1993
  61. Wellauer and Dawid, 1977
  62. Wellauer et al., 1978
  63. White and Hogness, 1977
  64. Williams et al., 1989
  65. Williams et al., 1990
  66. Yagura et al., 1979
  67. Yamamoto and Miklos, 1977
  68. Yamamoto and Pellegrini, 1990
  69. Yang and Eickbush, 1998
  70. Youvan and Hearst, 1981
  71. Zusman et al., 1985
Abstract
See full listing for abstracts.
                              Review
                              1. FBrf0155592
                              2. FBrf0155623
                              3. Ashburner, 1993
                              4. Baker et al., 1994
                              5. Bayer et al., 1996
                              6. Bridges and Brehme, 1944
                              7. Eissenberg and Hilliker, 2000
                              8. Fuller, 1993
                              9. Gatti and Pimpinelli, 1992
                              10. Goll and Bestor, 2002
                              1. Irick, 1994
                              2. Johnston and Gallant, 2002
                              3. Kamakaka, 2005
                              4. Lindsley and Grell, 1968
                              5. Lindsley and Zimm, 1992
                              6. Mackay, 1995
                              7. Mackay, 1996
                              8. McKee, 1996
                              9. Miller, 1997
                              10. Pirrotta, 2003
                              1. Renauld and Gasser, 1997
                              2. Ritossa, 1976
                              3. Sawamura et al., 1993
                              4. Schalet and Lefevre, 1976
                              5. Weiler and Wakimoto, 1995
                              6. Williams and Robbins, 1992
                              7. Williamson and Parker, 1976
                              8. Wolfner and Goldberg, 1994
                              Other
                              1. Ashburner, 2003.2.5
                              2. Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 1998.1.9
                              3. Carmean and Crespi, 1995
                              4. EDGP Project Members, 1994-
                              5. FlyBase, 1992-
                              1. Millburn, 2001.1.15
                              2. Mount, 2000.5.30
                              3. Munoz, 2003.12.10
                              4. Munoz, 2004.1.5
                              5. Munoz, 2004.1.5
                              1. Murtif, 1994.5.25
                              2. Nurminsky, 1995.6.14
                              3. Steward, 2004.6.30
                              4. Swanson, 1984
                              5. University of Norway, 1937





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